Iyini I-Solar Flare Futhi Ingasithinta Kanjani Emhlabeni?

I-solar flare ukuqhuma okukhulu okwenzeka endaweni yeLanga. Lezi ziqhumane zivame ukukhanya kakhulu futhi zingabonakala ngeso lenyama. Zibangelwa ukukhululwa kwamandla endaweni kazibuthe yeLanga. Ukuvutha kwelanga kungadala umonakalo omkhulu eMhlabeni, okuhlanganisa nokucinywa komsakazo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi ayini ama-solar flare nokuthi angasibangela kanjani izinkinga lapha eMhlabeni.

Ama-solar flare ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngamandla awo. Amandla elanga abuthaka kakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-A-class flare, kanti aqinile abizwa ngokuthi ama-X-class flare. Ukuvutha kwelanga kungadala umonakalo omkhulu eMhlabeni, okuhlanganisa nokucinywa komsakazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokuthi ayini ama-solar flare nokuthi angasibangela kanjani izinkinga lapha eMhlabeni.

Ama-solar angasho ukuthini kithi eMhlabeni?

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi isenzakalo esiyivelakancane esinjengomlilo welanga sibe nomthelela kithi lapha emhlabeni? Izingozi zibandakanya kodwa azikhawulelwe kulawa machashazi alandelayo:

• Ukuvutha kwelanga kungaphazamisa ukusakazwa komsakazo
• Ukuvutha kwelanga kungaphazamisa amasistimu okuzulazula
• Ama-solar flare angabangela ukushintshashintsha kwegridi
• Ama-solar flare angase athinte imoto kagesi
• Ama-solar flare angaphazamisa amasathelayithi okuxhumana
• Ama-solar flare angase abangele amandla ukuphuma

I-solar flare ingabangela ukucima komsakazo ngokukhipha imisebe ephazamisa i-ionosphere yomhlaba. I-ionosphere iwungqimba lomkhathi osisiza ukusivikela emisebeni eyingozi evela emkhathini. Lapho i-solar flare ikhipha imisebe, ingaphazamisa i-ionosphere futhi iphazamise izimpawu zokuxhumana. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga kubantu abathembele ezokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, njengabashayeli bezindiza nosomkhathi.

ILanga lihlala likhipha amandla ngendlela yama-solar flare. Lawa malangatye elanga akhulula ukuqhuma kwemisebe kagesi engaphazamisa ukusakazwa komsakazo, amasistimu wokuzulazula, ukushintshashintsha kwegridi, ugesi wezimoto, namasathelayithi okuxhumana. Amalangabi elanga nawo angabangela ukucisha kukagesi. Nakuba ama-solar flare ngokuvamile engeyona ingozi enkulu, ngezinye izikhathi angabangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile. Isibonelo, ama-solar flares abangele ukucisha kukagesi Quebec ngo-1989 futhi kwaphazamisa ukuxhumana kwezindiza phakathi December 2006. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuvutha kwelanga ukuze uzilungiselele uma kwenzeka kwenzeka.

I-solar flare ukukhululwa kwamandla kungazelelwe ebusweni beLanga. Amandla akhululwa ngendlela yokukhanya, ama-x-ray, nezinhlayiya. Amathuba okuthi sizobhekana nezinkinga ngenxa yomlilo welanga ancike ebunzimeni bomlilo nendawo ekuyo. I-solar flare enamandla kakhulu ibizwa ngokuthi "i-X-class" flares, futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ama-satellites, amagridi kagesi, nezinhlelo zokuxhumana.

Amalangabi anjalo elanga nawo angabangela ukucisha komsakazo. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinhlayiya ezinamandla amakhulu ezikhishwe yi-solar flare zishayisana nomkhathi woMhlaba. Ukushayisana kudala ukuphazamiseka endaweni kazibuthe yomhlaba ephazamisa amasignali omsakazo. Ukucima komsakazo okubangelwa amalangabi elanga ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, kodwa kungase kuphazamise izinhlelo zokuxhumana.

Ingabe siyazazi izigameko zokuqubuka kwelanga emlandweni?

I-solar flare ukuthi kwenzeka ngoMashi 2013 kubangele ukucisha komsakazo okwaphazamisa ukuxhumana nokulawulwa kwezindiza. I-solar flare iphinde yaphazamisa izinhlelo zokuzulazula ezisekelwe kwisathelayithi kanye nensizakalo yamaselula. Kuze kube manje, azikho izinkinga ezibikiwe kusukela ekukhanyeni kwelanga lokho kwenzeka ngoSepthemba 2017, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi singase sibe nokuphazamiseka okuthile ezinsukwini noma emavikini azayo.

Ukuze silungiselele ukuphazamiseka okungase kube khona okubangelwa amalangabi elanga, sidinga ukuqaphela ubungozi obukhona futhi sibe nohlelo esizolwenza uma kuba nokunqamuka okukhulu. Ezinye izinto esingazenza ukuze sizilungiselele zihlanganisa amaphuzu alandelayo:

• Ukuqoqa ukudla namanzi
• Ukuba namajeneretha asekelayo atholakalayo
• Qiniseka ukuthi wonke amadokhumenti abalulekile aphephile noma kunezipele ezikhona
• Qaphela ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezimoto obungase buthinteke, njenge-GPS

Ingabe kudingeka sesabe ukuvutha kwelanga? Abanye abantu besaba ukuthi i-solar flare ingase ingasebenzi kahle ubuchwepheshe futhi ingamane ibuphazamise okwesikhashana. Nakuba ama-solar flares angabangela izinkinga ezithile, mancane amathuba okuthi azokwehlisa bonke ubuchwepheshe. Uma kwenzeka kuvutha ilanga, kufanele sisakwazi ukuthembela kubuchwepheshe ngezinga elithile. Isibonelo, nakuba i-GPS ingase ingasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi somlilo welanga, sisazokwazi ukusebenzisa amafoni ethu ukuthola indlela yethu.

Ukuqonda kochwepheshe ngezingozi ze-solar flare

Ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi siphephe kakhulu, kodwa sidinga ukulawula ubungozi ngokwamathuba alokhu okwenzekayo kanye nobukhulu bomthelela ongaba khona uma okuthile kwenzeka. Engqungqutheleni Yokuphepha Kwengqalasizinda Kagesi (EIS). inkulumo Unobhala Wezokuvikela waseBrithani Liam Fox Wathi:

“Manje ake ngiphendukele ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ezivela ezintweni zemvelo futhi ngichaze ukuthi zingaba nomthelela kanjani ekuvikelweni kwesizwe sethu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-NASA lwesimo sezulu sasemkhathini lwazise ukuqonda kwethu okukhulayo ngemiphumela engaba yinhlekelele engabangelwa ukuvutha okukhulu kwelanga. Lokhu kuyivelakancane ngokubonga, kodwa umlando uveze ukuthi kunenqwaba yokuphazamiseka kwengqalasizinda okuhambisana neziqongo zomjikelezo sonozungezilanga.

Mhlawumbe engcupheni enkulu imboni yasemkhathini ehlukanisayo. Iningi lengqalasizinda yethu kazwelonke ebalulekile incike kudatha nezinsizakalo ezilethwa noma ngamasathelayithi ama-electronic awo azwelayo asengozini kweminye imisebe ekhishwa yiLanga. Abaqhubi beziphuphutheki bayayibona imiphumela yesimo sezulu sasemkhathini, futhi imboni yezindiza sekuyisikhathi eside iqaphela ingozi yokuchaya abagibeli emazingeni ayingozi emisebe ezindaweni eziphakeme phakathi nezenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu zelanga. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela kungqalasizinda yasemhlabeni ingase ingabonakali kakhulu kubahlinzeki besevisi, njengokuphazamiseka kwamanethiwekhi kagesi, ezokuthutha, izintambo zocingo, nezinkonzo ezibalulekile eziya emakhaya ethu, amabhizinisi, nasemahhovisi kahulumeni.

Izingozi ezilethwa ingqalasizinda yethu kazwelonke ebalulekile zibonakala emsebenzini wakamuva wehhovisi lekhabhinethi. Umsebenzi usaqhubeka lapho wokuhlola ubungozi besimo sezulu esibi emkhathini ukuze kuhlolwe ubungozi bukazwelonke lapho kwenziwa khona izinhlelo zokuqhubeka nebhizinisi.” Ngakho-ke akudingekile ukuba sesabe kodwa sihlole le ngozi futhi sihlele noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka okunjalo ngokukhuthazela okufanele kanye nezinhlelo eziphuthumayo.

I-YouTube: I-X-Class - Umhlahlandlela we-Solar Flares (NASA)

Ikhredithi yesithombe: Zonke izithombe ezibonisiwe zingezakwaNASA futhi zasatshalaliswa ngengosi yazo yabezindaba.