Ngingathanda ukuqala le ndatshana ngokuzikhulula. Ngiyithanda kakhulu i-Android OS ngokujwayelekile ngezizathu eziningi futhi ngiyisebenzise kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lapho ikhishwa okokuqala. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuhloswe ukuba kube yindatshana efundisayo mayelana ne-Android njengenketho futhi ayibhalelwanga ukuncintisana nezinye izixazululo. Uma ufuna izizathu zokuthi kungani i-Android iphakeme noma ingaphansi kunezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, lokhu akukufanele ukukunikeza i-athikili. Uma ungazi okuningi ngakho futhi ufuna ukuqonda okuthe xaxa ngemvelaphi, injongo nomlando we-Android, lapho-ke uze endaweni efanele.
Umsuka we-Android OS
I-Android Inc. yake yaba yinkampani yayo, eyasungulwa ngo-2003 ePalo Alto. Abantu ababebaluleke kakhulu ku-Android Inc. kwakungu-Andy Rubin (umsunguli we-Danger), u-Rich Miner (umsunguli we-Wildfire Communications, Inc.), uNick Sears (owayekade eyi-VP kwa-T-Mobile), noChris White (iNhloko yoMklamo kanye ne-UI kuWebTV). Izinhloso zokuqala kwakungukwakha imikhiqizo eyayazi indawo okuyo umnikazi wayo kanye nezinto azithandayo kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lwamakhamera edijithali anamuhla.
Ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa okwalandela kwezimakethe kanye namandla omthengi, bashintshe amasu abo babhekisa ohlelweni lokusebenza lwe-smartphone (OS) ukuze bancintisane ne-Symbian ne-Windows yamaselula, okwakungabaphikisi abaphezulu ngaleso sikhathi. Bakwenza konke lokho ngaphandle kokumaketha okuningi noma ukuxhumana okujwayelekile ngomsebenzi wabo futhi ngemuva nje kokushisa yonke imali ababenayo. Kube nezinketho ezithile zokuthola imali ethe xaxa kepha ngo-2005 abakwa-Google bathole i-Android Inc. okungenani ama- $ 50m ukuze bavule indlela yabo baye emakethe yeselula.
I-Google, kanye nabakhiqizi abaningana abaholayo, abenzi be-chip nabathwali ku I-Open Handset Alliance, yabamba ingqungquthela ngo-2007 futhi yathatha isinqumo sokwenza i-Android OS ibe yindinganiso entsha evulekile yama-Smartphones, ngokususelwa ku-Linux kernel efanayo naleyo ebikade isebenza kuyo ngaphambilini.
Idivayisi yokuqala yayenzelwe ukuqhudelana namadivayisi we-Blackberry futhi yayine-keyboard ephathekayo. Kodwa-ke ngenkathi i-iPhone ikhishwa ngo-2007, bahlela kabusha umkhiqizo ukuze basebenzise isikrini esithintwayo ukuze bancintisane nesisombululo esisha se-Apple. Le smartphone yokuqala ye-Android kwakuyi-HTC Dream (eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-G1) futhi yakhishwa emphakathini ngo-Okthoba 2008. Phambilini bengingenantshisekelo yokuthola i-iPhone, kodwa umfana - bengilangazelela kakhulu ukuthola le divayisi yokuqala ye-Android futhi ngiyithole ngemuva nje kwalokho ukukhululwa.
Amadivayisi ne-Hardware
I-Android OS manje isetshenziswa amadivayisi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane futhi ngokwe-IDC ngayinye ngo-2012 ngaphezu kwama-75% awo wonke ama-smartphones athunyelwe ayesuselwa ku-Android OS. Nsuku zonke amadivayisi angaphezu kwesigidi ayasebenza. Amadivayisi anjalo angaqukatha:
- Smartphones
- Tablets
- wearables
- Amadivayisi we-TV / Media Suite
- Amasistimu ahlobene nemoto
- Izinhlelo zokuphepha ekhaya
- amakhamera
- Amafriji
- Ama-Consoles wegeyimu yevidiyo
- Ama-PC amancane
Ukuphambuka ku-Google Android OS
I-Google yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono i-Android OS kepha imvamisa abakhiqizi bengeza ushintsho oluncane ku-OS yomkhiqizo wabo ngezici ezingasizi ngalutho. Ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona ezinye izinhlobo eziqhutshwa ngumphakathi nazo ezimnandi. Imvamisa lawa maphrojekthi angewona awokuhweba agxila ekusebenzeni kanye / noma kwimfihlo yolwazi. Lezo zixazululo kuvame ukubhekiswa kuzo ngokuhambisana ne-AOSP noma Iphrojekthi yomthombo we-Android Open.
Ngaphakathi kwe-AOSP ikhodi yomthombo inikezwa futhi nosizo lokuthuthukisa luyanikezwa. Imiphumela yale phrojekthi yokuthuthukisa ezimele ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Custom ROM futhi uma ungumnikazi wedivayisi enezimpande, ukhululekile ukukhetha noma iyiphi i-Custom ROM oyithandayo. Ama-ROM Angokwezifiso adumile ngokwesibonelo i-CyanogenMod, evame ukukhethwa abanye abakhiqizi bama-smartphone, I-AOKP (I-Android Open Kang Project) egxila ekunikezeni izici eziningi, futhi I-Paranoid Android abenze izindlela ezithokozisayo zokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwensiza.
Umlando we-Version
Kusukela ukukhishwa kokuqala kwe-Android 1.0 kube nokubuyekezwa okukhulu okuningi kwe-OS. I-Google imvamisa inika izinguqulo zayo ezinkulu igama lefayela elifana nogwadule futhi uhlaka luqala ukuhleleka kwe-alfabhethi. Uhlobo lwakamuva i-6 lubizwa ngeMarshmallow futhi lwakhishwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule. Nalu uhlu lwezinguqulo ezivele esidlangalaleni:
Alikho igama lekhodi (1.0)
Alikho igama lekhodi (1.1)
Ikhekhe (1.5)
Idonathi (1.6)
I-Eclair (2.0-2.1)
UFroyo (2.2-2.2.3)
Isinkwa se-ginger (2.3-2.3.7)
Uju lwezinyosi (3.0-3.2.6)
I-Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0-4.0.4)
I-Jelly Bean (4.1-4.3.1)
KitKat (4.4–4.4.4, 4.4W–4.4W.2)
I-Lollipop (5.0-5.1.1)
IMarshmallow (6.0)
Ukusatshalaliswa Kwenguqulo
ezibucayi
Ukuhlaziywa kwami kuphela kwe-Android ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukwenza izibuyekezo ezinkulu zesoftware kumadivayisi. Imvamisa idivayisi oyithengayo izohlala naleyo nguqulo futhi ngeke ikwazi ukuthola inguqulo entsha enkulu ngaphandle kokuthi unekhono lobuchwepheshe ngokwanele ukudlula ukukhishwa nemikhawulo ngumkhiqizi kanye / noma abathwali. Lokhu kungabangelwa izizathu eziningi futhi kungaphinde futhi kwethule ukuba sengozini okukhulu kwezokuphepha. Leli suite eliqinile impela le-centralized Apple software software system eyenza ukucubungula ukubuyekeza okusebenziseka kalula - inqobo nje uma i-hardware yedivayisi yakho ikwazi ukwenza lokho kubuyekeza.
Ikusasa
Singabona umkhuba ku-Android usetshenziswa kumadivayisi ngaphandle kwama-Smartphones namaphilisi. Kusukela ngo-2014 ungaba ne-smartwatch esigqokekayo, esisebenza Android Wear. Kulo nyaka kube nomkhankaso weKickstarter onenhloso yokwakha ama-PC amancane kakhulu, asebenza ngohlelo olusebenzayo, ngokususelwa ku-Android. Ngakho-ke kukhona ukunyakaza okuthile kokusebenzisa izinzuzo ze-Android ukuletha imikhiqizo eyanda ngokwengeziwe emakethe eyayingagxilwe ekuthuthukisweni ekuqaleni kepha yayihlale ilindelwe futhi ilangazelelwa.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kuzogxila ngokwengeziwe ku-Android okusetshenziswayo ekuzijabuliseni kwasekhaya okufana ne- in Android TV nasezokuthutha njenge-Android Auto. Mhlawumbe iGoogle izofaka phakathi i- Android Car izinhlelo ku- izimoto zokuzishayela. Ukubona ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Chrome OS kubonakala sengathi iGoogle ayilandeli i-Android ukuthi ifakwe kuma-PC we-desktop noma kuma-Laptops.
Akucaci ukuthi ikusasa lizoletha ini kodwa ngenxa yemvelo evulekile ye-Android kuthatha umuntu ohlakaniphile kuphela onombono omuhle wokufaka ukuphazamiseka embonini. Akukho okungenakwenzeka. Sibheke phambili ekwakhiweni okusha kwe-Android nokuqhutshwa ngumphakathi.
Isikweletu sezithombe: Kubhalwe ku-Wikipedia / IHawk HD / U-Andre Kheren
