Ingabe ujwayelene nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqondisiwe? Ngokuvamile ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuyinqubo ehamba kancane kakhulu edinga iminyaka eyinkulungwane, hhayi amashumi eminyaka, ukukhombisa izinguquko ezibalulekile kanye nokuguqulwa kofuzo. Ingabe amarobhothi angaba nendawo kulolu hlobo lwesayensi? Kodwa-ke, kube nokuthuthuka kwesayensi okuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi basheshise le nqubo kakhulu, okubanikeze ithuba lokudala amaprotheni amasha namanye ama-molecule elebhu yabo ngokushesha.
Lo mkhuba omusha kodwa osujwayeleke kabanzi waziwa ngokuthi i-directed evolution noma i-DE ngamafuphi. Isiza ososayensi emikhakheni eyahlukene njengokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba amasha ukwelapha izifo ezinjengomdlavuza noma ezinye. Kungasiza ekwakheni ama-enzyme njengoba esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-biofuel noma ukusiza ngama-imaging agents ayingxenye ye-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Ngokushesha kunemvelo
Abacwaningi abaholwa uKevin Esvelt benze inkundla entsha yerobhothi ebavumela ukuthi baqaphe amakhulukhulu ezinambuzane ezincane ngasikhathi sinye futhi babheke ukuthi amaprotheni namanye ama-molecule avela kanjani. Irobhothi lingasiza futhi ukusindisa abantu ekuqothulweni uma belwela ukusinda.
Njengolwazi lwangemuva lokuqonda lolu cwaningo, ama-Robotic Platform asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zocwaningo, okuhlanganisa nobunjiniyela bofuzo bamaseli. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqondisiwe kuyindlela esheshisa ukuqoqwa nokukhethwa koguquko lwamanoveli. Ukuqonda ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kubalulekile ekwakheni imithi emisha nemithi yokugoma namaseli obunjiniyela ngezinye izinjongo.
Inqubo yocwaningo echazwe kulesi sihloko, abacwaningi abayiqambe ngokuthi i-phage kanye ne-robotics-esizwa ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo eduze-okuqhubekayo (i-PRANCE), ivumela ukuthi izindlela eziningi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zihambisane, okwandisa amathuba okuphumelela. Izinkundla zamarobhothi zisiza ukwenza izivivinyo ngokuzenzakalelayo ebezingaba nzima, zidle isikhathi, noma okungenzeki ukufezeka.
Ama-molecule namaprotheni kumzila osheshayo
Ngaphansi kukaProfesa Martin A. Nowak, the I-Robotic Evolution Ilabhorethri ithuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulandelela ukuvela kwezibalo zamaselula esikhathini eside. Inselele eyodwa leli qembu elibhekana nayo ukuthi kubhekwa kanjani okwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngaphandle kokuyiphazamisa. Isibonelo, bacabange ukubhekana nenkinga ngokwenza izivivinyo ngokoqobo ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi bakwenzile lokho.
I-Robotic Evolution Laboratory inamathisele ukulungiswa kwayo okuphezulu i-microscope irobhothi ukunyakaza kwalo kulawulwa yikhompyutha. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthwebula izithombe ngesikhathi esisodwa kwamakhulu amakholoni amagciwane. Ngokuzivumela ukuthi zilandele ngasikhathi sinye amakhulukhulu ezibalo ze-microbial njengoba zishintsha amaprotheni amasha noma amanye ama-molecule, zingasetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa noma ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kusebenza kanjani.
Imibono nesiphetho
“Ngokwesiko, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqondisiwe kuye kwaba ubuciko kakhulu kunesayensi, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ubunjiniyela. Futhi lokho kuhlala kuyiqiniso kuze kube yilapho usukwazi ukuhlola izimvume ezahlukene ngendlela ehlelekile futhi ubone imiphumela,” kusho uKevin Esvelt, uprofesa osizayo eMIT's Media Lab kanye nombhali omkhulu wocwaningo olusha.
“Irobhothi lingakwazi ukugada lesi sibalo samagciwane ngokulinganisa lokhu kufundwa, okulivumela ukuthi libone ukuthi amagciwane asebenza kahle yini, noma adonsa kanzima ngempela futhi kufanele kwenziwe okuthile ukuwasiza,” kusho u-Erika A. DeBenedictis.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi: I-Gramener Isebenzisa I-AI Ukubala Amaphengwini Ukuwafunda Nokuwagcina
“Singakwazi ukushuna lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo ngesikhathi sangempela, siphendula ngokuqondile ukuthi lezi zinguquko zenzeka kanjani,” kusho u-Emma J. Chory. "Singakwazi ukubona uma ukuhlola kuphumelela, futhi singashintsha indawo ezungezile, okusinikeza isibhamu esiningi emgomweni, okuhle kakhulu kokubili kombono we-bioengineering kanye nombono wesayensi oyisisekelo."
"Uhlelo lwethu lusivumela ukuthi senze lezi zinguquko ngokuqonda okwengeziwe okwenzeka ohlelweni," kwengeza u-Chory. "Singafunda ngomlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, hhayi nje iphuzu lokugcina."
Amapulatifomu e-robotic asetshenziswa kabanzi ngabacwaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Isebenzisa izimo ezihlukene, i-PRANCE ingashintsha izikhathi eziyi-100 kuneziningi zabantu ngokuhambisana. I-PRANCE ingasiza ekusindiseni abantu ekuqothulweni uma belwela ukusinda. Ama-Robotic Platform anciphisa kakhulu isikhathi nomzamo odingekayo ukuze ubuke inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngaphandle kokuyihlola ngempela.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, ungaphinda ubuyekeze i- Umbiko wezindaba we-MIT noma iphepha "Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuhlelekile kwenza ukutholakala kwe-biomolecule eqinile” ngu-Erika A. DeBenedictis, u-Emma J. Chory, u-Dana W. Gretton, u-Brian Wang, u-Stefan Golas, kanye no-Kevin M. Esvelt, eyanyatheliswa ngo-December 30, 2021.
I-YouTube: Umklomelo KaNobel kuKhemistry ka-2018: I-Directed evolution & phage display — Sikhuluma ngeKhemistry
Ngokuchofoza dlala, uyavumelana ne-YouTube Imigomo Yesevisi futhi Inqubomgomo yobumfihlo. Idatha ingase yabiwe ne-YouTube/Google.
