Ngaba uye wakha wazibuza malunga nemibuzo enje, "wenza ntoni usosayensi wedatha"? "Ngaba inzululwazi yedatha yinto entsha"? "Ngaba isazinzulu ngedatha ayisiyilebheli nje yokulalana ngesini yeenkcukacha-manani"?
Ngale nqaku, ndiyathemba ukucacisa ezinye zeentsomi kunye nokudideka. Ayisiyomnyama nomhlophe apha kwihlabathi ledatha nangona. Iinkampani azisebenzisi inkcazo ekwabelwana ngayo yokuba umsebenzi othile uqulethe ntoni kwaye hayi. Nokuba iikhosi zeyunivesithi ngamanye amaxesha zabelana ngelebheli efanayo kodwa zinemixholo eyahlukileyo kulo mmandla.
Yintoni idatha yesayensi?
Inzululwazi yeDatha iseti yemisebenzi engaphezulu kwentsimi enye. Ukuba ungusosayensi wedatha, uzibandakanya ekuqokeleleni idatha (okanye kwimigodi yedatha), uhlalutya kwaye ubonise idatha, kunye nokulungiselela idatha ngendlela eya kuyo ajike abe lulwazi ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuqhuba izigqibo. Le nto yokugqibela ikwaziwa njenge “Ukwenziwa kwezigqibo eziqhutywa yedatha”Kwicandelo lezorhwebo. Ngexesha lethu, inzululwazi yedatha ikwajongwa njengenxalenye yesayensi yeekhompyuter okanye ubuncinci unokuthi kule mihla ihambelana ngokufanayo.
Sebenzisa iindlela zesayensi zokuqhubekeka idatha kunye nee-algorithms kunye nezinye iinkqubo, isazinzulu sedatha sisebenza ukuguqula idatha ukuba ibe lulwazi kwaye mhlawumbi ifumane ulwazi lwento eyayingacacanga ngaphambili okanye ingaziwa kwaphela. Ngokwenza oku, isazinzulu sedatha sinokuphakamisa zombini idatha eyakhiweyo nengacwangciswanga. Ezona mfuno zixhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela esetyenzisiweyo kunye nenjongo yemisebenzi.
Imbali yesayensi yedatha
Igama elithi isayensi yedatha njengoko kutyholwa ukuba yaqulunqwa nguPeter Naur, uvulindlela wesayensi yekhompyutha waseDanish, ngo-1960. Kamva wazisa igama elithi "datalogy," kwi-1974, enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo ukwabelana ngezinto esizaziyo kwisayensi yedatha namhlanje kodwa. kusenokwenzeka ukuba igama lalingekho ethetha ukuhlala. Inzululwazi yedatha yaqala ukukhankanywa njengenxalenye yesihloko senkomfa, kwi-1996, e-Kobe, eJapan, xa uChikio Hayashi wazisa ngexesha leengxoxo ezijikelezayo.
Xa uThomas H. Davenport no-DJ Patil babhala inqaku “Inzululwazi yeDatha: Umsebenzi weSini oGqwesileyo wenkulungwane yama-21”Kwiphephancwadi iHarvard Business Review, ngo-Okthobha ka-2012, yayingumzuzu xa igama elithi inzululwazi nedatha yesazinzulu laqalisa ukuba ligama eliyintloko. Ukusukela oko, le "ileyibhile intsha" yaqala ukubuyisela izikhundla zomsebenzi ngaphambili ezazibizwa ngokuba ngumhlalutyi weshishini, istatistiki kunye nezinye izihloko zemisebenzi ezifanayo. Kuxhomekeka apho ujonge khona unokufumana isazinzulu sedatha okanye ii-wizard zedatha.
Wenzani usosayensi wedatha?
Ukuba ujonga kwinkcazo yemisebenzi yeenkampani ezifuna ukuqesha izazinzulu zedatha unokufumana yonke into kwaye akukho nto ichazwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ihlala ingacacanga kwaye ingacacanga kuba olu hlobo lwemisebenzi alunxibelelani nesebe le-HR kwishishini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqeshwa njengososayensi wedatha, baya kulindela ntoni kuwe?
Ngokusisiseko, imveliso yomsebenzi wakho kufuneka yalathe kumathuba, uncede ekuthatheni izigqibo kwaye wandise inzuzo yenkampani ngendlela. Ukuze ufezekise oko kufuneka uqokelele idatha, uyicwangcise, uyihlalutye, kwaye ubone eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokulungelelanisa iiseti kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo. Ukuba ujongene nemicimbi "yedatha enkulu", kuya kufuneka ulungelelanise iziphumo ngendlela, ukuze zivakale ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uhlangane noovimba beenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo oya kuthi ufuna ukufumana idatha kunye nokulawula "umthombo wegolide" ngokudibanisa yonke le mithombo yembali kuhlobo lwe-middleware. Iinkcukacha zenzululwazi nazo ziya kufuna ukufumana iindlela zokwenza idatha engacwangciswanga kunye nokusika idatha eqhubekayo kwiibits ukuze zisetyenziswe. Ukulahla idatha eyilahleko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba idatha eluncedo ichaphazeleka ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Emva kokuba kwenziwe oko, isazinzulu sedatha siyakuqhubekeka idatha ikwazi ukubona iipateni kunye neendlela ezihamba ngayo. Ngokwenza oko uya kuba nakho "ukulumkisa" ishishini ngemicimbi ephindaphindayo okanye eminye imicimbi enokuba yingozi ukuba ayikhathalelwa okanye inokuvumela inkampani ukuba ikhuphe ingeniso ethe kratya ukuba bayayazi malunga nomsitho kwangethuba kwaye bangazilungiselela. Isazinzulu sedatha siza kwakha amatyala kwaye sichaze iziphumo kubachaphazelekayo nakulawulo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokomzekelo ngendlela yokubonisa ebonakalayo okanye ezinye iindlela.
Izakhono ezinokukunceda umhlaba umsebenzi wenzululwazi yedatha
Okokuqala, kuyanceda kakhulu ukuba unomdla wokusebenza ngedatha, amanani, iigrafu, iifomula kunye nazo zonke izinto ezinje. Lo isenokuba ayingomsebenzi olungileyo kuwe ukuba awuhlali ncam ngolu hlobo lwezinto.
Ukuba ucinga ngokuba sisazinzulu sedatha, kuya kufuneka ujonge ekwandiseni ulwazi lwakho kwizifundo ezinjengezibalo, isayensi yekhompyuter, inkqubo, amanani, ukufunda ngomatshini, ubunjineli besoftware, kunye nokuboniswa kwedatha ukunxibelelana neziphumo zomsebenzi wakho.
Idatha yesayensi vs.
Andiqondi ukuba idatha yesayensi ligama elitsha kumanani. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba eminye yemisebenzi ingafana, kodwa ndiyakholelwa ukuba kukho umahluko oza kuqaphela phantsi kwala masebe mabini. Ukuba ujonga kumashishini, ubona ukusetyenziswa kwedatha yesayensi kubuchwephesha, kwezemali nakwimizi-mveliso ngelixa amanani maninzi efumana ikhaya kwezorhwebo, kwezorhwebo, kwizifundo zabemi nasekuxhaseni ezinye iinkalo zesayensi.
Umzekelo we-algorithm yendaleko eyenziwe ngaphakathi kweJupyter Notebook, usebenzisa iPython neMatplotlib (nge UShahin Rostami)
Iindlela zokwenyani zehlabathi zenzululwazi yedatha kunye neenkcukacha-manani zihlala zihluka. Umzekelo, kunokwenzeka ukuba isazinzulu sedatha kuyakufuneka siyile kwaye sihoye iindawo zokugcina idatha ezinokuba sisisombululo se-middleware. Ukusuka kwinto endiyaziyo, amanani manqaphanqapha akufuneki ajongane nolawulo lwe-IT kunye nemisebenzi yobunjineli yesoftware. Banokusebenzisa okufanayo kodwa bangazilungiseleli okanye bazigcine.
Ukuba ungayibona ngenye indlela, ndingathanda ukuva iingcinga zakho malunga noku. Qiniseka ukuba wabelana ngezimvo zakho zingezantsi kwicandelo lamagqabaza.
isishwankathelo
Iminyaka embalwa ebuyayo njenge-Business Intelligence (i-BI) okanye uLwazi loLawulo (i-MI) imisebenzi ekwabelwana ngayo kunye neenkcazo zomsebenzi wangoku zento ekufuneka yenziwe sisazinzulu sedatha. Kubonakala ngathi kukho isiphumo se-buzzword kunye ne-hype ejikeleze ixesha ledatha yesayensi, ngakumbi ngokudibanisa nazo zonke izinto zobukrelekrele (AI) kunye nokuFunda ngomatshini (ML), kodwa ke, umsebenzi wedatha yesayensi ufunwa kakhulu kwizinto ezintsha / iinkampani eziphazamisayo.
Imigaqo kunye namagama ezikhundla zomsebenzi atshintsha ngokusekwe kwimikhwa kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kufuneka ujonge imisebenzi noxanduva kuyo nayiphi na inkcazo yomsebenzi onokuyifumana. Amagama ngamagama nje kodwa ukuba imisebenzi iyahambelana nento olungileyo kuyo kunye nento ofuna ukuyenza. Ziphose kuyo!
Ukufunda okuqhubekayo
- Malunga nesizathu, ukuhambelana, ukuCala kunye neeFools eziNzileyo
- Iingcebiso ezi-3 zokuphucula ukuThathwa kwezigqibo ngobuChule
- Ukungafikeleli: Xa iisistim zixhamla kwisiphithiphithi kunye nokuguquguquka
- Uthini umahluko phakathi kweDatha, uLwazi, uLwazi kunye noBulumko?
- Yintoni ubuhlakani obusebenzisanayo?
Ityala lemifanekiso: Iifoto (1, 2, 3Zonke zenziwe ngu Sebastiaan ter Burg. The oopopayi yenziwe ngu UShahin Rostami.
umthombo: UThomas H. Davenport, DJ Patil (HBR/ IWikipedia inqaku kwisayensi yedatha
