Intlango yeSahara yenye yezona ndawo zinzima emhlabeni. Kodwa ngaba inokuba ngundoqo ekucombululeni iingxaki zethu zamandla? Kukho umdla okhulayo wokusebenzisa amandla elanga ukuvelisa amandla eSahara. Oku kungenxa yokuba intlango inezinye zezona zixhobo zibalaseleyo zelanga naphi na emhlabeni, ngokukhanya kwelanga ngqo phantse unyaka wonke kunye nelifu elincinane kakhulu. Ukongezelela, kukho imihlaba emikhulu ekhoyo apho iiphaneli zinokufakelwa khona, ezivumela ukuba kwenziwe izixa ezibalulekileyo zamandla.
Intlango yeSahara yindawo engaqhelekanga kwaye engaqondakaliyo. Ngenxa yeendunduma zentlabathi ezigolide ezingafaniyo nesibhakabhaka esihle esiluhlaza, ayimangalisi into yokuba abantu abaninzi abakhenkethi bewubona unomtsalane ngolu hlobo lo mmandla. Imbonakalo-mhlaba entle, idityaniswe noburhabaxa bobushushu obuvela kule ndawo ingumqwebedu, isebenza njengesikhumbuzo kuthi sonke ngendlela enokuba namandla ngayo indalo. Intlango yeSahara ifumana ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi unyaka wonke - kodwa oku kungaphezulu kokwaneleyo ukudala imozulu yobushushu obugqithisileyo kunye neemeko ezinzima apho ubomi bunzima khona ukuphila. Ngala mathuba akhohlisayo enza ukuba lo mmandla ube nomtsalane kwaye ube nemincili; ngokwenene ibeka kuvavanyo ubugorha bakho kunye nobuchule bakho.
Iipaneli zelanga zinokuwasebenzisa la mandla, kodwa kukho imingeni ekufuneka yoyiswe
Amandla esola bubutyebi obuninzi, kodwa ubukhulu becala abusetyenziswa. Sonke siyayazi loo nto iipaneli zelanga zinokuba yindlela entle yokuvuna la mandla, nangona kunjalo, kukho imingeni ekufuneka yoyiswe. Ngelixa i iteknoloji iye yabangcono kakhulu kule minyaka yakutsha nje, ayikaxhaphakanga – omnye umngeni yimfundo kunye nokuqinisekisa abantu ngeenzuzo zayo ezinokubakho. Ukongeza, iiphaneli zelanga ngokwazo zibiza imali eninzi kwaye zisenokungasoloko ziyonga iindleko kunye nenkcitho enkulu efunekayo kwangaphambili. Ezi zinto zinokuthi zithintele abantu abaninzi ukuba bangatsiba okwangoku, kodwa ngophuculo oluzinzileyo kwitekhnoloji kunye nokwehliswa kweendleko, ngubani owaziyo ukuba singaya kude kangakanani?
Ukwakha nokugcina iipaneli zelanga entlango kunika ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo, njengoko imeko-bume erhabaxa inokuwathoba ngokukhawuleza. Iintsuku ezishushu zilandelwa bubusuku obubandayo, izaqhwithi zentlabathi zinokuvuthuza inkunkuma kuzo, yaye imitha yelanga engayekiyo ibabetha imihla ngemihla. Singasathethi ke ukuba iindleko zokwakha kunye nokugcina olu luhlu lweepaneli zelanga zinokubiza kakhulu. Ifuna ukucwangciswa okukhulu kunye nokuzinikela ekufumaneni iindlela ezintsha zokufakela iziseko ezingundoqo eziyimfuneko ngendlela efikelelekayo ngelixa kusaqinisekisa ukuba isebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
Intlango yeSahara yindawo enzima kakhulu ekusekeni naluphi na uhlobo lwetekhnoloji, singasathethi ke ngepaki yelanga. Iinzame zokwazisa umoya ovuselelekayo imithombo kulo mmandla ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ibonakalise ukuba ayiphumelelanga ngenxa yobushushu obugqithisileyo, izaqhwithi zesanti ezinobundlobongela, kunye nokungabikho kokufikelela kwimithombo yobutyebi efikelelekayo. Umsebenzi okhoyo unzima kodwa unokwenzeka ngolungiselelo oluchanekileyo kunye nombono wexesha elide wokuba negalelo kwiplanethi ecocekileyo nenempilo. Nangona oku kusenokubonakala ngathi ngumsebenzi onzima ongaphambili kodwa kusekude ukuba akunakwenzeka.
Xa ucinga ngokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic eSahara, nangona imbuyekezo inokuvakala ilungile, kukwakho nentaphane yeengxaki zezopolitiko nezentlalo onokucinga ngazo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ubunini bomhlaba buhlala buphikisana phakathi koorhulumente kunye neenkampani kulo mmandla, ngoko ke amaziko kufuneka asombulule imiba yobunini phambi kokuba kwenzeke. Ngaphaya koko, ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuphila kunye neendlela zokuphila zemveli kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa ukwazisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Emva koko, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu basekhaya bayaxhaswa kukuphazamiseka okunokubakho okuza nokwaziswa ko Iinkqubo ze-photovoltaic. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda imiqobo yezopolitiko nezentlalo kunika amathuba okuqondana phakathi kwamaqumrhu okanye oorhulumente kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukuze kwandiswe iinzuzo ezisebenzayo zawo onke amaqela abandakanyekayo.
Ngaba umntu wakha wazama ukwakha iipaki zelanga entlango ngaphambili?
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye kwasungulwa iiprojekthi ezininzi zamabhongo zokwakha iipaki zelanga kwindawo eyintlango. I-Bhadla Solar Park (2,700 MW) e-Rajasthan, e-Indiya, kunye ne-Longyangxia Dam Solar Park (2,400 MW) e-China ibe ngamalinge amabini amakhulu azanyiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. IHuanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park's (2,200 MW) impumelelo yofakelo lwemodyuli yePV engaphezulu kwezigidi ezisi-7 yaphawula irekhodi entsha yentlango ngelo xesha, kwaye iPavagada Solar Park (2,050 MW) eIndiya yenye inzame encomekayo. Ngaphandle koko, iChina cwangciso ukwakha amaziko okuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kwintlango yaseGobi enomthamo wama-450 GW kwixesha elizayo, kuquka namandla omoya.
Njengoko inkqubela iqhubeka, iBenban Solar Park (i-1,650 MW) e-Egypt izimise njengenye yeepaki ezinkulu zelanga zehlabathi ezithatha i-37 km² yomhlaba. I-Tengger Desert Solar Park (i-1,547 MW) eseZhongwei, e-China, kunye ne-Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park (1,313 MW) ese-Dubai ngamagama aphawulekayo anenjongo yokuseka iirekhodi ezintsha ezinkulu zelanga. Nokuba ungazichaza zonke ezi ndawo njengentlango okanye hayi ayisiyonto iphambili. Inqaku lelokuba, ngokubanzi, iiprojekthi ezinjalo zinokwenzeka nangona ukukalwa nokuzigcina kunokuba ngumngeni omkhulu, kodwa zibe luncedo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo zibe luncedo njengomthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo.
Iingcinga zokuvala kunye nokunye ukujonga
Intlango yeSahara yindawo erhabaxa nengenanto efumana intabalala yokukhanya kwelanga. Iiphaneli zelanga zinokusebenzisa la mandla, nangona kunjalo, mininzi imingeni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe phambi kokuba iprojekthi enjalo igqitywe. Iindleko zokwakha nokugcina iipaneli zelanga ziya kuba nkulu, kunye nocelomngeni lokuzenza zisebenze kwindawo enobutshaba. Kukwakho nemingeni yezopolitiko nezentlalo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke le mingeni, ukugubungela intlango yeSahara ngeepaneli zelanga ngumbono onomdla ofanele ukuphononongwa ngakumbi. Ukufunda ngakumbi ngalo mbono, jonga intetho yeTED evela kuDan Kwartler ngezantsi, ukuze ufumane ipro kunye ne-contra.
YouTube: Kutheni le nto singayigqubuthele intlango ngeepaneli zelanga? -UDan Kwartler
Ngokucofa dlala, uyavumelana neYouTube Imiqathango yeNkonzo kwaye umthetho wabucala. Idatha ingabiwa noYouTube/Google.
Ityala lemifanekiso: The umfanekiso wefayile kunye nefoto kwi umzimba zenqaku zifuzisela kwaye zenziwe nguChungking. I-infographics enedatha yeenkcukacha-manani yenziwe yi-Statista.
Umthombo: Idatha malunga nepaki yelanga ekhoyo ifunyenwe kuluhlu lweWikipedia lwe izikhululo zamandla ephotovoltaic zikhulu zehlabathi.
