Ngaba uqhelene nendaleko ethe ngqo? Ngokuqhelekileyo i-evolution yinkqubo ecothayo kakhulu efuna iwaka leminyaka, hayi amashumi eminyaka, ukubonisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo kunye nokuguqulwa kofuzo. Ngaba iirobhothi zinendawo kolu hlobo lwesayensi? Nangona kunjalo, kuye kwakho impumelelo yesayensi evumela abaphandi ukuba bakhawulezise le nkqubo kakhulu, bebanika ithuba lokudala iiprotheni ezintsha kunye nezinye iimolekyuli kwilebhu yabo ngokukhawuleza.
Esi senzo sitsha kodwa esele silungelelanisiwe ngokubanzi saziwa ngokuba yi-directed evolution okanye iDE ngokufutshane. Inceda izazinzulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengokuvelisa amajoni amatsha okunyanga izifo ezinjengomhlaza okanye ezinye. Inokunceda ukwenza ii-enzymes njengoko zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-biofuel okanye uncedo kunye ne-imaging agents eziyingxenye ye-imaging resonance imaging (MRI).
Ngokukhawuleza kunendalo
Abaphandi abakhokelwa nguKevin Esvelt baye baphuhlisa iqonga elitsha lerobhothi elibavumela ukuba babeke iliso kumakhulu eentsholongwane ezincinci ngexesha elinye kwaye babeke iliso kwindlela iiproteni kunye nezinye iimolekyuli eziguquka ngayo. Irobhothi inokunceda ukugcina abantu ekutshabalaleni ukuba bayasokola ukuphila.
Njengolwazi lwangasemva lokuqonda olu phononongo, iiPlatform zeRobotic zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zophando, kubandakanywa ubunjineli bemfuza yeeseli. I-Directed evolution yindlela ekhawulezisa ukuqokelelwa kunye nokukhethwa kweenguqu ezintsha. Ukuqonda indaleko kubalulekile ekuphuhliseni amachiza amatsha kunye nezitofu zokugonya kunye neeseli zobunjineli ukwenzela ezinye iinjongo.
Indlela yophando echazwe kweli nqaku, apho abaphandi baye babiza i-phage kunye ne-robotics-incedise kufuphi ne-evolution eqhubekayo (i-PRANCE), ivumela ukuba iindlela ezininzi zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zihambelane, ukwandisa amathuba okuphumelela. Amaqonga eRobhothi anceda ukuzenzela imifuniselo ebinokuthi ngenye indlela ibenzima, idle ixesha, okanye ingenzeki ukuyiphumeza.
Iimolekyuli kunye neeprotheni kwi-fast lane
Phantsi koNjingalwazi uMartin A. Nowak, i I-Robotic Evolution Ilabhoratri iphuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha yokulandela umkhondo wokuvela kwabantu beselula ixesha elide. Omnye umngeni elijongene nawo eli qela yindlela yokujonga okwenzekayo ngexesha lenkqubo yendaleko ngaphandle kokuphazamisana nayo. Umzekelo, baye bacinga malunga nokujongana nengxaki ngokuqhuba imifuniselo ngokwenyani yenyani ngaphandle kokwazi malunga nokuba benze njalo.
ILabhoratri ye-Robotic Evolution incamathele kwisigqibo sayo esiphezulu microscope kwirobhothi ezintshukumo zilawulwa yikhompyutha. Oku kuvumela ukubonwa kwangaxeshanye kumakhulu ee-microbial colonies. Ngokubavumela ukuba balandele kwangaxeshanye amakhulu eentsholongwane njengoko zivelisa iiproteni ezintsha okanye ezinye iimolekyuli, zinokusetyenziselwa uphuhliso lwamachiza okanye ukuqonda ngcono indlela indaleko esebenza ngayo.
Amagqabantshintshi nesiphelo
“Ngokwesiko, indaleko ekhokelwayo ibibubugcisa obungaphezulu kunenzululwazi, singasathethi ke ngoqeqesho lobunjineli. Kwaye oko kuhlala kuyinyani de ukwazi ukujonga ngokucwangcisiweyo iimvume ezahlukeneyo kwaye ujonge iziphumo, utshilo uKevin Esvelt, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kwiMIT's Media Lab kunye nombhali ophezulu wophononongo olutsha.
“Irobhothi ingakwazi ukugcina olu luntu lweentsholongwane ngokulinganisa oku kufundwayo, nto leyo eyivumela ukuba ibone ukuba iintsholongwane ziqhuba kakuhle na, okanye ziyasokola ngokwenene kwaye kukho into ekufuneka yenziwe ukubanceda,” utshilo uErika A. DeBenedictis.
Inomdla kwakhona: I-Gramener isebenzisa i-AI ukubala iiphengwini ukufundisisa nokugcina
“Singalutshintsha olu tshintsho ngexesha lokwenyani, siphendula ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela ezenzeka ngayo ezi zinto,” utshilo uEmma J. Chory. "Siyakwazi ukuxela xa umfuniselo uphumelela, kwaye sinokuyitshintsha imeko-bume, esinika izithonga ezininzi ezinjongo, nto leyo intle ngokwembono ye-bioengineering kunye nesiseko senzululwazi."
"Inkqubo yethu isivumela ukuba senze olu tshintsho ngokuqonda ngakumbi okwenzekayo kwinkqubo," wongeza uChory. "Sinokufunda ngembali yendaleko, hayi indawo yokugqibela."
Amaqonga eRobhothi asetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabaphandi kwihlabathi liphela. Isebenzisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo, i-PRANCE inokuvela ngokuphindwe kayi-100 uninzi lwabantu ngokuhambelanayo. I-PRANCE inokunceda ukusindisa abantu ekubhangisweni ukuba bayasokola ukuphila. Iiplatform zeRobhothi zinciphisa kakhulu ixesha kunye nomzamo ofunekayo ukujonga inkqubo yendaleko ngaphandle kokuzama ngayo.
Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, unokuphinda ujonge kwakhona Ingxelo yeendaba zeMIT okanye iphepha "Ukuzivelela kwemolekyuli okucwangcisiweyo kwenza ukuba kufumaneke ukomelela kwe-biomolecule” nguErika A. DeBenedictis, uEmma J. Chory, uDana W. Gretton, uBrian Wang, uStefan Golas, kunye noKevin M. Esvelt, eyapapashwa ngoDisemba 30, 2021.
YouTube: Ibhaso leNobel lika-2018 kwiKhemistry: IDirected evolution & phage display — Ukuthetha ngeKhemistry
Ngokucofa dlala, uyavumelana neYouTube Imiqathango yeNkonzo kwaye umthetho wabucala. Idatha ingabiwa noYouTube/Google.
