Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa, okanye i-ABS ngokufutshane, luphawu lokhuseleko oluya luthandwa ngakumbi. Iziqhoboshi zokuthintela ukutshixeka zaqala ukwenziwa nguBosch ngeminyaka yoo-1930 kwaye bezisemgangathweni kwiimoto ezininzi ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Iziqhoboshi zokuthintela ukutshixeka zisebenza ngokusebenzisa uxinzelelo lwehydraulic ukumisa amavili emoto yakho ukuba angatshixeki ngexesha lokuqhobosha, nto leyo enokubangela ukutyibilika kwaye kaninzi kukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nolawulo. Eli nqaku liza kuthetha ngendlela ezi zixhobo zibalulekileyo zisebenza ngayo.
Yayisebenza njani inkqubo yoqobo yokuqhobosha isiqhoboshi?
Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixwa kweziqhoboshi ezimotweni zihambe umgama omde ukusukela oko zaqala ukwaziswa ngo-60s. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba bekuya kuba nzima kangakanani ukuqhuba ngaphandle kwazo ngoku! Kodwa kwakukho ixesha apho kwakufuneka ubambe iziqhoboshi zakho kwaye uthandazele okona kulungileyo okanye usengozini yokulahlwa emotweni xa ungakwazi ukuyilawula. Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa zixhaphakile namhlanje kangangokuba abantu abasacingi nokucinga ngazo. Kodwa ubusazi ukuba iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa bezidla ngokubiza kakhulu? Okanye ngaba ezinye iimodeli zangaphambili zenza ukuqhuba kube kubi ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba abaqhubi bebengaziva ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngemoto yabo? Mandikuxelele konke malunga ne-anti-lock braking iinkqubo - zisebenza njani, indlela eziye zavela ngayo ukutyhubela iminyaka, kwaye kutheni kufuneka uhlale uzisebenzisa.
Inkqubo yokuqala yokunqanda ukutshixa isiqhoboshi yaphuhliswa e-UK ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Yasebenzisa inkqubo yeevalvu kunye namagumbi ukumpompa ulwelo phakathi kwee-brake discs neecaliper, nto leyo eyanceda ukuba inqwelo-mafutha ingatyibilizi. Ukuba amavili aqala ukujikeleza, ivalve iya kuvuleka kwaye ikhulule uxinzelelo kwicala lelayini yebrake, ibavumela ukuba bajikeleze ngokukhululekileyo. Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa zifikile kude ukusukela ngoko.
Ezinye iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixeka kweziqhoboshi zakwangoko zenza ukuba kube kubi kakhulu ukuqhuba kuba abaqhubi bebengayiva into eyenzekayo ngeemoto zabo. Ukuba iziqhoboshi ziyatshixeka, umqhubi unokuphulukana nolawulo lwemoto yaye unokuphelela kwingozi embi kakhulu. Ngoko iinjineli kwafuneka zifune indlela yokuthintela inqwelo-mafutha ukuba ingatshixwa ngaphandle kokuncama amandla omqhubi wokuyilawula.
Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa zisebenza njani njenganamhlanje?
Iinkqubo zanamhlanje zokunqanda ukutshixa ziphucuke kakhulu. Basebenzisa izixhobo zoluvo ukuze babone xa amavili eqalisa ukujikeleza, baze bampompe ulwelo phakathi kweediski zeebrake neecaliper ukuze zingatshixeki. Oku kunceda umqhubi akwazi ukulawula imoto, yaye kuye kwanceda ukunciphisa iingozi ehlabathini lonke. Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukuqhoboshwa kweziqhoboshi zibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba iinkampani zeinshorensi zifuna ukuba abantu babe nazo ukuze bafumane ipolisi ye-inshorensi yemoto.
Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa zinombono olula ngokwethiyori. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo ukuba basebenza njani ekusebenzeni, kubalulekile ukufunda malunga namacandelo e-ABS. Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixeka kweziqhoboshi zisebenzisa izinzwa kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi ukumisa isithuthi ekutyibilikeni xa umqhubi ebetha iziqhoboshi. Izivamvo zokunqanda isiqhoboshi zenkqubo yokutshixa zibhaqa naliphi na ivili elijika ngokukhawuleza okanye elijikelezayo ngenxa yokutshixa iipake pads. Ukuphendula, i-ABS impompa i-hydraulic fluid ngokusebenzisa imigca eyahlukeneyo ukukhulula uxinzelelo kwiipistons zebrake ngaphambi kokuba ezo zitshixo zibangele ukutyibilika. Oku kuthintela isitshixo esinye ekubangeleni ukuba amavili amane atshixeke kwaye kunceda ekugcineni ulawulo lokuqhuba ngexesha lokumisa okungxamisekileyo ngelixa kucutha umgama wokumisa ngokumangalisayo kwizithuthi ezininzi ukuya kutsho kuma-20%.
Xa ulungiselela umntwana obaleka esitratweni, oku kungenza umahluko omkhulu, kwaye unokuqiniseka ukuba ufuna ukubala i-intshi nganye apha. Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa zenzelwe ukukunceda ukuba ume kumgama omfutshane kangangoko, nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na ngakuwe. Iziqhoboshi zokuthintela ukutshixeka zisebenza kakuhle xa uzisebenzisa ngendlela ebekumele ukuba zisetyenziswe ngayo. Xa uqhele ukuqhobosha, iziqhoboshi ezinqanda ukutshixa ziya kunceda ukuthintela imoto ekutyibilikeni. Ukuba kufuneka ubambe iziqhoboshi, ii-anti-lock brakes ziya kunceda ukugcina imoto iphantsi kolawulo. Awufuni kuhlala kwimoto eba yiprojekthi engalawulekiyo xa ubetha iziqhoboshi emotweni yakho, ilori, okanye nantoni na oyiqhubayo.
Ingaba i-ABS ichaphazela njani iindleko ze-inshurensi yemoto yakho?
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kwezinye iinkampani zeinshorensi, sele kunyanzelekile ukuba ube nemoto ene-ABS ebandakanyiweyo, okanye abayi kukubonelela nge-inshorensi kwaphela. Kwiinkampani ze-inshorensi ezisakuvumela ukuba uqhube izithuthi ezingezi nolo hlobo, kunokubakho anti-lock iziqhoboshi isaphulelo kubo bonke abathengi abeza ne-ABS kwiimoto zabo. Le yinto ekufuneka uyiphonononge ngokuqinisekileyo xa ukhangela inkampani yeinshurensi ekubonelela ngokhuseleko oluhambelana neemfuno zakho.
Ixabisa kangakanani i-ABS njengophawu kwiimoto ezintsha?
Iziqhoboshi ze-Anti-lock zihlala zibhidaniswa kunye nolawulo lokutsalwa, oluluphawu lokhuseleko lwemoto oluthintela ukulahleka kokutsalwa xa isantya. I-anti-lock braking system okanye i-ABS yinto enokuthi ifakwe kwiimoto ezintsha. Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa zifumaneka kwimarike ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Ixabiso le-Anti-lock brake systems limiselwa ziimpawu eziyimfuneko eziza nazo.
Inomdla kwakhona: IVolkswagen iziqhoboshi zabahambi ngeenyawo [Ividiyo]
Xa iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixwa kweziqhoboshi zaqala ukuqaliswa, zazixabisa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, amaxabiso ehlile kwaye ngoku afikelelekayo kubantu abaninzi. Nokuba unemoto engenayo i-ABS okwangoku, kuyenzeka ukuba uyiphucule ngekhithi okanye uyiyeke ifakwe ngumkhandi. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko zaloo nto ziya kuba malunga ne-$ 2,000, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kulula ukuthenga imoto esetyenzisiweyo esele inenkqubo yokunqanda ukutshixa.
Ukuba uzimisele ukugcina iindleko, unokuphinda ujonge iinkampani ezininzi zeinshurensi ukuze ufumane uphononongo lweendleko. Ngaba i-LoJack ithoba i-inshurensi yemoto? Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixwa kweziqhoboshi kwiimoto nazo zinokukunceda uphephe iingozi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela, wonge iindleko ze-inshorensi. Ke ngoko, i-anti-lock brakes luphawu oluluncedo lokuba nesithuthi sakho kwaye lunokuba sisigqibo xa ukhetha phakathi kweenkampani zeinshurensi ezahlukeneyo.
isishwankathelo
I-anti-lock braking system yinto yokhuseleko lwemoto oluye lwahlala ixesha elide. Basebenza ngokuthintela imoto ukuba ingatyibiliki xa umqhubi ebetha iziqhoboshi. Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa iziqhoboshi zifumaneka emarikeni ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo, kodwa ziya zifikeleleka ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ziyinto eluncedo ukuba ube nayo kwimoto yakho kwaye inokuba yinto ethatha isigqibo xa ukhetha phakathi kweenkampani zeinshurensi ezahlukeneyo. Iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa iziqhoboshi nazo zinokukunceda uphephe iingozi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela, wonge iindleko ze-inshorensi.
I-YouTube: Ukuqonda i-anti-lock Braking System (ABS) nguLesics
Ngokucofa dlala, uyavumelana neYouTube Imiqathango yeNkonzo kwaye umthetho wabucala. Idatha ingabiwa noYouTube/Google.
Ityala lemifanekiso: The umfanekiso wefayile yenziwe nguShine. I umzobo wokuthelekisa yalungiswa nguStefan-Xp. Ifoto ebonisa amalungu oomatshini kwivili yathathwa yi Cherdchay Toyhem.
