Koj puas paub txog kev coj ua evolution? Nquag evolution yog cov txheej txheem qeeb heev uas yuav tsum muaj ntau txhiab xyoo, tsis yog xyoo caum, los qhia txog kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb thiab kev hloov caj ces. Cov neeg hlau puas tuaj yeem muaj qhov chaw hauv hom kev tshawb fawb no? Txawm li cas los xij, tau muaj kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb uas tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los ua kom cov txheej txheem no nrawm dua, muab lawv cov kev xaiv los tsim cov proteins tshiab thiab lwm cov molecules hauv lawv lub chaw sim sai.
Qhov kev coj ua tshiab no tab sis twb tau siv dav dav yog hu ua evolution los yog DE luv luv. Nws pab cov kws tshawb fawb hauv ntau yam xws li tso tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshiab los kho cov kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav lossis lwm yam. Nws tuaj yeem pab tsim cov enzymes raws li lawv tau siv hauv kev tsim cov roj biofuel los yog pab nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas yog ib feem ntawm kev sib nqus resonance imaging (MRI).
Ceev tshaj qhov xwm txheej
Cov kws tshawb fawb coj los ntawm Kevin Esvelt tau tsim lub platform tshiab neeg hlau uas tso cai rau lawv los saib xyuas ntau pua tus neeg microbial ib zaug thiab ua tib zoo saib seb cov proteins thiab lwm cov molecules hloov zuj zus. Cov neeg hlau kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab cawm cov pej xeem los ntawm kev ploj mus yog tias lawv tawm tsam kom muaj sia nyob.
Raws li kev paub keeb kwm yav dhau los rau kev nkag siab txog qhov kev tshawb fawb no, Robotic Platforms tau siv rau hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov hlwb. Directed evolution yog ib txoj hauv kev uas ua kom nrawm nrawm thiab xaiv cov kev hloov pauv tshiab. Kev nkag siab txog kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab engineering hlwb rau lwm lub hom phiaj.
Cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb tau piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm no, uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau hu ua phage thiab robotics-pab nyob ze-nruam evolution (PRANCE), tso cai rau ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv mus rau qhov sib koom ua ke, ua rau muaj kev vam meej. Robotic platforms pab automate thwmsim uas yuav tsis yooj yim, siv sij hawm, los yog ua tsis tau.
Molecules thiab proteins nyob rau hauv txoj kab ceev
Raws li xibfwb Martin A. Nowak, lub Robotic Evolution Laboratory tab tom tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev taug qab cov evolution ntawm cellular cov neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev. Ib qho kev sib tw uas pab pawg no cuam tshuam nrog yog yuav ua li cas saib xyuas qhov tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog nws. Piv txwv li, lawv tau xav txog kev daws qhov teeb meem los ntawm kev khiav cov kev sim hauv virtual kev muaj tiag yam tsis paub txog qhov ua li ntawd.
Lub Robotic Evolution Laboratory affixed nws high-resolution tshuab raj mus rau ib tug neeg hlau uas nws txav tau tswj los ntawm lub computer. Qhov no tso cai rau cov duab ib txhij ntawm ntau pua microbial colonies. Los ntawm kev tso cai rau lawv ib txhij taug qab ntau pua ntawm cov kab mob microbial thaum lawv hloov pauv cov proteins tshiab lossis lwm cov molecules, nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev txhim kho tshuaj lossis kom nkag siab zoo dua li cas evolution ua haujlwm.
Cov lus pom thiab xaus
"Kev lig kev cai, kev hloov pauv kev coj ua tau ua ntau yam txuj ci ntau dua li kev tshawb fawb, cia nyob ib leeg kev qhuab qhia engineering. Thiab qhov ntawd tseem muaj tseeb txog thaum koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig, "hais tias Kevin Esvelt, tus pab xibfwb hauv MIT's Media Lab thiab tus kws sau ntawv qib siab ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab.
Erika A. DeBenedictis hais tias "Tus neeg hlau tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov neeg ntawm cov kab mob no los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov kev nyeem ntawv no, uas tso cai rau nws pom tias cov kab mob no puas ua tau zoo, lossis seb lawv puas muaj teeb meem tiag tiag thiab qee yam yuav tsum tau ua los pab lawv," Erika A. DeBenedictis hais.
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Emma J. Chory hais tias "Peb tuaj yeem hloov kho cov kev hloov pauv no hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, teb ncaj qha rau qhov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim zoo npaum li cas," Emma J. Chory hais. "Peb tuaj yeem qhia tau thaum twg qhov kev sim ua tiav, thiab peb tuaj yeem hloov pauv ib puag ncig, uas ua rau peb muaj ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj rau lub hom phiaj, uas yog qhov zoo los ntawm ob qho tib si bioengineering foundations thiab ib qho kev tshawb fawb yooj yim."
"Peb lub kaw lus tso cai rau peb los ua cov kev hloov pauv no tiag tiag nrog kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv lub system," Chory ntxiv. "Peb tuaj yeem kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm kev hloov pauv, tsis yog qhov kawg nkaus xwb."
Robotic platforms tau dhau los siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb. Siv cov xwm txheej sib txawv, PRANCE tuaj yeem hloov pauv tau 100 npaug ntau li ntau tus neeg nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. PRANCE tuaj yeem pab cawm tib neeg los ntawm kev ploj mus yog tias lawv tawm tsam kom muaj sia nyob. Robotic Platforms txo qis lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog uas yuav tsum tau ua los soj ntsuam cov txheej txheem evolutionary yam tsis tau sim nws.
Yog xav paub ntxiv, koj tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas cov MIT xov xwm los yog daim ntawv "Systematic molecular evolution enables robust biomolecule discovery”los ntawm Erika A. DeBenedictis, Emma J. Chory, Dana W. Gretton, Brian Wang, Stefan Golas, thiab Kevin M. Esvelt, uas tau luam tawm thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 30, 2021.
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Los ntawm nias ua si, koj pom zoo rau YouTube's Cov ntsiab lus uas Service thiab Tsis pub twg paub Txoj cai. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab faib rau YouTube/Google.
