Catalytic Converters: Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai

Catalytic converters yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws inventions nyob rau hauv automotive keeb kwm. Lawv tau siv los txo cov pa phem los ntawm lub tsheb rau ntau xyoo lawm, thiab lawv tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txo cov pa phem los ntawm cov tsheb niaj hnub no. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog keeb kwm ntawm catalytic converters thiab thev naus laus zis uas ua rau lawv ua haujlwm. Peb tseem yuav saib qee qhov kev cov nyom uas tau ntsib los ntawm catalytic converter manufacturers thiab sib tham txog yuav ua li cas lawv ua haujlwm kom kov yeej lawv.

Keeb kwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm catalytic converters

Puas yog txhua lub tsheb puas muaj catalytic converters? Catalytic converters yog thawj zaug tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1970s, thiab lawv sai sai tau los ua cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb tshiab muag hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab ntau lub tebchaws. Cov thev naus laus zis tom qab catalytic converters yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yooj yim: thaum qee cov tshuaj raug rau cov pa oxygen, lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg los tsim cov tebchaw tshiab. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua oxidation, thiab nws yog tus yuam sij rau li cas catalytic converters ua haujlwm.

Oxidation tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim, tab sis lawv feem ntau tshwm sim qeeb heev. Catalytic converters siv lub catalyst kom ceev cov txheej txheem oxidation. Feem ntau hom catalyst siv hauv catalytic converters yog platinum. Platinum yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj neeg, uas ua rau nws kim heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tseem ua tau zoo heev ntawm catalyzing cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation.

Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem ntsib cov tuam txhab catalytic converter yog qhov tseeb tias platinum yog cov hlau zoo heev. Raws li tus nqi ntawm platinum nce, yog li tus nqi ntawm kev tsim catalytic converters. Txhawm rau them tus nqi no, qee cov tuam txhab lag luam tab tom nrhiav rau lwm qhov catalyst ntaub ntawv. Ib tus neeg sib tw pheej hmoo yog palladium, uas zoo ib yam li platinum ntau txoj hauv kev tab sis tsis tshua kim.

Lwm qhov kev sib tw ntsib cov tuam txhab catalytic converter yog qhov tseeb tias lub tsheb cav tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv tsim cov pa roj tsawg dua, uas txo cov sij hawm uas lub catalytic converter yuav tsum ua haujlwm. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, txo tus nqi ntawm platinum uas yuav tsum tau ua kom lub converter ua hauj lwm zoo.

Txawm hais tias cov kev cov nyom no, catalytic converters tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tshuab. Lawv tau los ntev heev txij li thaum lawv tau tsim thawj zaug, thiab lawv yuav tsis muaj kev ntseeg txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub ntiaj teb hloov pauv.

Lub catalytic converter tsim li cas?

Catalytic converters feem ntau yog tsim nrog ib tug honeycomb-puab substrate. Cov hlwb ntawm honeycomb-zoo li substrate yog tsim los muab ib qho kev nce saum npoo av uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov pa pa. Lub substrate kuj yog feem ntau coated nrog ib tug muaj nuj nqis hlau catalyst, xws li platinum los yog palladium.

Cov pa hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm cov hlwb hauv cov honeycomb thiab tuaj yeem sib cuag nrog cov catalyst, uas ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj uas hloov cov pa phem hauv cov pa tawm mus rau cov khoom tsis zoo. Cov pa phem tshaj plaws uas hloov los ntawm cov catalytic converters yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas hloov mus rau carbon dioxide.

Puas muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub catalytic converter ntawm lawv tus kheej?

Catalytic converters yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo cov pa phem hauv tsheb, thiab yog li ntawd, nruj tswj hwm. Nws yuav nyuaj, yog tias tsis yooj yim sua, los tsim lub catalytic converter rau koj tus kheej lub tsheb yam tsis tau ua raws li cov kev cai tsim nyog thiab xyuas kom meej tias nws ua tau raws li cov qauv emissions. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov tuam txhab uas yuav muag koj cov khoom siv catalytic converter uas muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov lus qhia.

Thaum nws muaj peev xwm yuav cov khoom siv catalytic converter thiab nruab rau koj tus kheej, nws feem ntau pom zoo kom muaj ib tus kws kho tsheb ua haujlwm. Txhim kho lub catalytic converter tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj, tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj qee qhov kev paub txog kev siv tsheb thiab kev tswj cov pa tawm. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg koj lub peev xwm los txhim kho cov catalytic converter kom zoo, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj kom tso nws mus rau tus kws tshaj lij.

Vim li cas ib tug neeg yuav nyiag koj lub catalytic converter?

Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj lub tsheb raug nyiag lawm tej zaum yuav meej tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias ib tug neeg nyiag koj lub catalytic converter? Puas yog qhov tseem ceeb? Vim yog qhov chaw sab nraud thiab siv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li platinum, palladium, thiab rhodium, catalytic converters yog lub hom phiaj rau tub sab. Qhov teeb meem yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lig-qauv qauv tsheb thiab SUVs, vim hais tias ntawm lawv high av clearance thiab yooj yim tshem tawm bolt-on catalytic converters. Welded-on converters kuj nyob ntawm uas muaj feem yuav ntawm tub sab nyiag, raws li lawv tau yooj yim txiav tawm.

Pipecutters feem ntau yog siv los ua ntsiag to tshem tawm lub converter tab sis lwm yam cuab yeej xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob reciprocating tuaj yeem ua rau lwm yam khoom ntawm lub tsheb puas, xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob, xov hlau, lossis cov kab roj, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev phom sij. Kev nce nqi hlau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thaum xyoo 2000s cov khoom lag luam boom ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv kev ua tub sab nyiag. Lub catalytic converter tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau dua $ 1,000 los hloov, ntau dua yog tias lub tsheb puas thaum lub sijhawm tub sab.

Txij xyoo 2019 txog 2020, cov tub sab hauv tebchaws United Kingdom tau tsom mus rau cov qauv qub hybrid tsheb uas muaj cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov tsheb tshiab - qee zaum muaj nqi ntau dua li tus nqi ntawm lub tsheb - ua rau tsis txaus thiab ncua sijhawm ntev los hloov lawv. Nyob rau hauv 2021 ib tug qauv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Democratic Republic of Congo qhov twg catalytic converters raug nyiag mus siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim tshuaj.

Vim yog Lavxias teb sab ntxeem tau ntawm Ukraine, cov neeg tsim khoom loj thoob ntiaj teb, xws li General Motors, Volkswagen, thiab Volvo txiav kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia, ua rau tus nqi nce ntawm palladium, cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov catalytic converters. Russia yog tus xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm palladium, xa tawm ntau tshaj 100 tons hauv 2020. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb xav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev nce hauv tub sab ntawm cov converters.

Yuav ua li cas yog tias ib tug neeg nyiag koj lub catalytic converter?

Catalytic converters yog lub hom phiaj rau tub sab vim lawv muaj cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, xws li platinum, palladium, thiab rhodium. Qhov teeb meem yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lig-qauv qauv tsheb thiab SUVs, vim hais tias ntawm lawv high av clearance thiab yooj yim tshem tawm bolt-on catalytic converters. Welded-on converters kuj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tub sab nyiag, vim lawv tuaj yeem txiav tau yooj yim.

Pipecutters feem ntau yog siv los ua ntsiag to tshem tawm lub converter tab sis lwm yam cuab yeej xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob reciprocating tuaj yeem ua rau lwm yam khoom ntawm lub tsheb puas, xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob, xov hlau lossis cov kab roj, uas muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev phom sij. Kev nce nqi hlau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas thaum xyoo 2000s cov khoom lag luam boom ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv kev ua tub sab nyiag. Lub catalytic converter tuaj yeem raug nqi ntau dua $ 1000 los hloov, ntau dua yog tias lub tsheb puas thaum lub sijhawm tub sab.

Txij xyoo 2019-2020, cov tub sab hauv tebchaws United Kingdom tau tsom mus rau cov qauv qub hybrid tsheb uas muaj hlau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li cov tsheb tshiab - qee zaum muaj nqis ntau dua li tus nqi ntawm lub tsheb - ua rau tsis txaus thiab ncua sijhawm ntev los hloov lawv. Xyoo 2021, ib qho kev tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Democratic Republic of Congo qhov twg catalytic converters raug nyiag mus siv hauv kev tsim tshuaj.

Vim yog Russia-Ukraine tsis sib haum xeeb hauv 2022, cov neeg tsim tsheb loj thoob ntiaj teb, xws li General Motors, Volkswagen, thiab Volvo txiav kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia, ua rau tus nqi nce ntawm palladium, cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov catalytic converters. Russia yog tus xa khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm palladium, xa tawm ntau tshaj 100 tons hauv 2020. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb xav tias yuav ua rau muaj kev nce hauv tub sab ntawm cov converters.

Yog tias koj lub catalytic converter raug nyiag lawm, koj yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau tub ceev xwm thiab koj lub tuam txhab tuav pov hwm kom sai li sai tau. Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau them tus nqi txiav tawm, thiab koj cov nqi yuav nce ntxiv yog tias koj nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam kev nyiag khoom. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv catalytic converter tub sab, koj tuaj yeem nres hauv qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo, nruab lub koob yees duab kev ruaj ntseg lossis lub tswb nrov, lossis kom koj lub converter welded rau cov yeeb nkab tso.

Lub neej yav tom ntej zoo li cas rau catalytic converters?

Lub neej yav tom ntej zoo li ci ntsa iab rau catalytic converters. Cov tuam txhab tsheb tau txuas ntxiv mus nqis peev hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho rau catalytic converters, thiab cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau tsim los uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov catalytic converters zoo dua los txo cov pa phem. Piv txwv li, ib pab neeg tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Southern California tab tom ua haujlwm rau hom tshiab catalyst uas tuaj yeem hloov NOx emissions tau zoo rau hauv cov pa roj nitrogen tsis zoo. Cov catalyst tshiab no tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov catalytic converters uas twb muaj lawm los txo cov pa phem ntxiv los ntawm tsheb.

Qhov kev xav mus sij hawm ntev rau catalytic converters kuj zoo. Raws li thoob ntiaj teb kev paub txog kev xav tau los txo cov pa phem txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, qhov kev thov rau cov hloov pauv catalytic yuav nce ntxiv. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsim kho tshiab ntxiv hauv kev tsim thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm catalytic converters, ua rau lawv ua tau zoo dua ntawm kev txo cov pa phem. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li ntau lub teb chaws tau txais kev nruj dua cov qauv emissions rau tsheb, kev siv cov catalytic converters yuav dhau los ua ntau dua.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, yav tom ntej zoo li ci ntsa iab rau catalytic converters. Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev txhim kho, lawv yuav ua tau zoo dua los txo cov pa phem los ntawm tsheb. Qhov no tuaj yeem muaj qhov loj cuam ​​tshuam rau huab cua zoo peb ua pa thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

YouTube: Saib-Nyob rau hauv Catalytic Converter Video

Duab credit: The muaj duab tau ua los ntawm Nemirovsky. Cov duab thiab cov duab nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tsab xov xwm tau txais kev tso cai nyob rau hauv qab lawv qhov chaw.